Factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals from university hospitals. / Factores asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en profesionales de la salud de hospitales universitarios.

to investigate factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals from university hospitals. a multicenter, mixed approach study with concomitant incorporated strategy, carried out with 559 professionals in the quantitative stage, and 599 in the qualitative stage. Four data collection instruments were used, applied by means of an electronic form. The quantitative analysis was performed with descriptive and inferential statistics and the qualitative data were processed by means of content analysis. the factors associated with the infection were as follows: performance of the RT-PCR test (p<0.001) and units offering care to COVID-19 patients (p=0.028). Having symptoms increased 5.63 times the prevalence of infection and adhering to social distancing most of the time in private life reduced it by 53.9%. The qualitative data evidenced difficulties faced by the professionals: scarcity and low quality of Personal Protective Equipment, work overload, physical distancing at work, inadequate processes and routines and lack of a mass screening and testing policy. the factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals were mostly related to occupational issues.

investigar los factores asociados a la infección por SARSCoV-2 en los profesionales de la salud de hospitales universitarios. estudio multicéntrico, con abordaje mixto con estrategia incorporada concomitante, realizado con 559 profesionales en la etapa cuantitativa, y 599 en la etapa cualitativa. Fueron utilizados cuatro instrumentos de recolección de datos, aplicados a través un formulario electrónico. El análisis cuantitativo se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial y los datos cualitativos mediante análisis de contenido los factores asociados a la infección fueron: realización de la prueba "RT-PCR" (p<0,001) y unidades que atienden a pacientes con COVID-19 (p=0,028). Tener síntomas aumentó la prevalencia de infección 5,63 veces y cumplir la mayor parte del tiempo con el distanciamiento social en la vida privada la redujo un 53,9%. Los datos cualitativos mostraron las dificultades que enfrentaron los profesionales: escasez y baja calidad de equipos de protección personal, sobrecarga de trabajo, distanciamiento físico en el trabajo, procesos y rutinas inadecuados y la ausencia de una política de triage y testeo masivos. los factores asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en los profesionales de la salud se relacionaron mayormente con cuestiones laborales.

(1) Las cuestiones laborales influyeron en la protección de los profesionales durante la pandemia. (2) La alta adhesión a las precauciones estándar y al distanciamiento no disminuyeron los casos positivos. (3) La baja calidad de los EPP y las fallas en el triage dificultaron la protección en el trabajo. (4) La infraestructura hospitalaria no favoreció el distanciamiento físico entre los equipos.

investigar fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saúde de hospitais universitários. estudo multicêntrico, de abordagem mista com estratégia incorporada concomitante, realizado com 559 profissionais na etapa quantitativa, e 599 na etapa qualitativa. Foram utilizados quatro instrumentos de coleta de dados, aplicados via formulário eletrônico. A análise quantitativa foi realizada com estatística descritiva e inferencial e os dados qualitativos por meio de análise de conteúdo. os fatores associados à infeção foram: realização de teste "RT-PCR" (p<0,001) e unidades com atendimento a pacientes com COVID-19 (p=0,028). Ter sintomas aumentou em 5,63 vezes a prevalência de infeção e aderir ao distanciamento social na maior parte do tempo na vida particular reduziu em 53,9%. Dados qualitativos evidenciaram dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais: escassez e baixa qualidade de equipamentos de proteção individual, sobrecarga de trabalho, distanciamento físico no trabalho, processos e rotinas inadequadas e ausência de uma política de triagem e testagem em massa. os fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saúde foram em sua maioria relacionados a questões ocupacionais.

Determinants of poor sleep quality in adults during the coronavirus disease pandemic: COVID-Inconfidentes, a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected the health of the global population, with sleep quality being one of the affected parameters. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sleep quality and its associated factors in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: A population-based cross-sectional serological survey of 1,762 adults in the Iron Quadrangle region of Brazil. METHODS: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep quality. Sociodemographic variables, health conditions, health-related behaviors, anxiety, vitamin D levels, weight gain/loss, and pandemic characteristics were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses using Poisson regression with robust variance were performed to identify factors associated with sleep quality. RESULTS: More than half of the participants reported poor sleep quality (52.5%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the factors associated with poor sleep quality included living alone (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.73), anxiety disorder (PR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.08-1.62), 5.0% weight loss (PR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02-1.44), 5.0% weight gain (PR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.03-1.55), vitamin D deficiency (PR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.01-1.35), and COVID-19 symptoms (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.10-1.52). CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that more than half of the participants experienced poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with poor sleep quality included vitamin D deficiency and weight changes related to the pandemic.

COVID-Inconfidentes: how did COVID-19 and work from home influence the prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity? An analysis of before and during the pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought drastic changes to the lives of the global population. The restrictions imposed by government agencies impacted the daily lives of citizens, influencing several health behaviors, such as physical activity (PA). Thus, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of physical inactivity (PI) and its associated factors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A population-based household seroepidemiological survey was conducted in two Brazilian municipalities located in the state of Minas Gerais, in which 1750 volunteers were interviewed between October and December 2020. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire in an electronic format. The moments considered for the PI analysis were M0 (before the pandemic), M1 (from March to July 2020), and M2 (from October to December 2020). Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with PI before (M0) and during the pandemic (M1 and M2). RESULTS: The prevalence of PI was higher in the first months of the pandemic (M1) (67.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 62.4-71.9) than in the months from October to December 2020 (M2) (58.7%; 95% CI: 52.8-64.3); however, at both times (M1 and M2), PI was more prevalent than in the period before the pandemic started (M0) (39.7%; 95% CI: 35.6-43.8). Individuals who were overweight, obese, and had low educational levels were more likely to be physically inactive. At both M1 and M2, individuals who worked at a work from home were less likely to have PI. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively influenced PA, substantially increasing the prevalence of PI. The determinants associated with PI were education, body mass index, and work from home.

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics and individual experiences of illness in men with COVID-19: mixed method study.

BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, studies have shown that this disease has affected the male population on a significant scale in various parts of the world, making men one of the main risk groups. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and experiences of illness in men with COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: A mixed sequential-explanatory study with cross-sectional and exploratory-descriptive approaches. METHOD: Data was collected from a small municipality located in the central-north region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Primary quantitative data was extracted from compulsory notification forms from 598 men. Qualitative data from individual interviews of 30 men was analyzed by the Discourse of the Collective Subject method. RESULTS: The findings identified the characterization of reports of suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in men, the organization of the healthcare system, and strategies for the control and combat of COVID-19 directed towards the men of the investigated municipality. They revealed the clinical characteristics based on the collective discourse of men with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: In men, the individual experience of disease explicitly explains the clinical markers of COVID-19 expressed by the self-reported syndromic approach. Additionally, this understanding also explains the behaviors observed in their search for health care, as well as the adoption of prevention and control measures and therapies recommended by health professionals.

Sociohistorical Analysis of Normative Standards of Masculinity in the Pandemic of COVID-19: Impacts on Men's Health/Mental Health.

Objective: This study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men's health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity. Results: The experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care. Conclusion: The discourse revealed that the men's behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health.

Influence of Sociodemographic and Emotional Factors on the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Perceived Stress among Men Residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men's mental health.

Analysis of the Coping Strategies of Primary Health Care Professionals: Cross-Sectional Study in a Large Brazilian Municipality.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the coping strategies used by primary healthcare (PHC) professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study realized with professionals working in primary healthcare units in São José do Rio Preto, a large city in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. For data collection, we used an instrument developed by the researchers containing sociodemographic and professional variables, as well as the Problem Coping Modes Scale (EMEP). RESULTS: We evaluated 333 PHC professionals. A difference was observed between the scores of the four coping strategies (p < 0.001), with the highest score for the problem-focused strategy (3.8) and the lowest score for the emotion-focused strategy (2.4). Physicians had the lowest scores in coping strategies focused on religious practices/fantastical thinking (p < 0.001) and pursuit of social support (p = 0.045), while community health agents had the highest scores in these coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Professionals working in PHC have different coping strategies for the problems and stressful situations experienced in the work environment. These strategies can involve more positive attitudes focused on confrontation and problem solving, and on emotional responses that involve attitudes of avoidance and denial of the problem.

Relationships of adolescents with suicidal behavior with social support networks.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationships of adolescents with suicidal behavior established with social support networks. METHOD: Qualitative study addressing ten adolescents with suicidal behavior cared for by a psychosocial care center attending children and adolescents located in southern Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were held in July 2020 via WhatsApp during the COVID-19 pandemic, and data were analyzed according to Minayo's thematic analysis. RESULTS: Two categories emerged: Dynamics of the relationships established in the family support network and Relationships established with the remaining social support network members, which revealed a weak social support network established with friends and at the school context. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: This study enabled identifying how relationships are established in the social support networks and how these reflected on the adolescents' development.

Reasons assigned to suicide attempts: adolescents' perceptions.

OBJECTIVE: identify the reasons for attempting suicide from the perspective of adolescents. METHODS: qualitative study conducted with ten adolescents who attempted suicide and were attending a Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil located in a city in the south of Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were held in July 2020 using WhatsApp. Data were analyzed according to Minayo's Content Thematic Analysis. RESULTS: the adolescents' reports listed the reasons that triggered suicide attempts, such as changes in the adolescents' life cycle and violence, which led them to attempt suicide to solve problems. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Data analysis revealed the reasons that triggered suicide attempts from the adolescents' perspective and difficulties to cope with problems, probably explained by their lack of experience in dealing with frustrations and disappointments.

Psychological Distress in Men during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: The Role of the Sociodemographic Variables, Uncertainty, and Social Support.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support, and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and perceived stress (PS)) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with national coverage, of the web survey type, and conducted with 1006 Brazilian men during the period of social circulation restriction imposed by the health authorities in Brazil for suppression of the coronavirus and control of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. RESULTS: Statistically significant direct effects of race/skin color (λ = 0.268; p-value < 0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) (λ = 0.306; p-value < 0.001), household composition (λ = 0.281; p-value < 0.001), PS (λ = 0.513; p-value < 0.001), and INT (λ = 0.421; p-value < 0.001) were evidenced in the occurrence of CMDs. Black-skinned men with higher SES, living alone, and with higher PS and INT levels presented higher prevalence values of CMDs. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of PS and INT were the factors that presented the strongest associations with the occurrence of CMDs among the men. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the stress-generating sources as well as to promote an increase in resilience and the development of intrinsic reinforcements to deal with uncertain threats.

Protagonismo da Enfermagem Brasileira no combate ao COVID-19

Ao iniciar as comemorações pelo "Ano da Enfermagem", em 12 de janeiro de 2020, o OMS divulgou notícias sobre um surto com um novo coronavírus, originado em Wuhan, província de Hubei, China. A doença (COVID-19) se propagou para diversos países, sendo declarada pandemia pela OMS no mês de março. O primeiro caso confirmado em território brasileiro e na América Latina ocorreu em 26 de fevereiro de 2020. Desde então, os profissionais de Enfermagem sofrem destaque por atuarem na linha de frente para a prevenção e combate à doença, buscando mitigação de pandemia. (AU) When the celebrations for the "Year of Nursing"began on January 12, 2020, WHO released news about an outbreak with a new coronavirus, originating in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The disease (COVID-19) spread to several countries, being declared a pandemic by the WHO in March. The first confirmed case in Brazil and in Latin America occurred on February 26, 2020. Since then, nursing professionals have been highlighted for acting on the front lines for the prevention and fight against the disease, seeking to mitigate the pandemic. (AU) Cuando las celebraciones por el "Año de la Enfermería"comenzaron el 12 de enero de 2020, la OMS dio a conocer noticias sobre un brote con un nuevo coronavirus, originario de Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China. La enfermedad (COVID-19) se extendió a varios países, siendo declarada pandemia por la OMS en marzo. El primer caso confirmado en Brasil y en América Latina ocurrió el 26 de febrero de 2020. Desde entonces, los profesionales de enfermería han sido destacados por actuar en primera línea para la prevención y lucha contra la enfermedad, buscando mitigar la pandemia. (AU)

Ações e estratégias de escolas e departamentos de enfermagem de universidades federais frente à COVID-19

Objetivo: Analisar as ações de ensino, pesquisa, extensão, assistência e gestão para o enfrentamento da pandemia de COVID-19, no âmbito de Escolas e Departamentos de Enfermagem de Universidades Federais brasileiras. Método: Pesquisa documental realizada no mês de abril de 2020, com buscas em sites e redes sociais (Facebook, Instagram e Twitter) das Escolas e Departamentos de Enfermagem das Universidades Federais de São Paulo, do Amazonas, de Brasília, do Ceará e de Santa Catarina;Portal de Monitoramento do Ministério da Educação e documentos oficiais: planos de contingências e de ações, resoluções, decisões e portarias institucionais. Resultados: As Universidades constituíram comitês de gestão para o direcionamento de ações. As Escolas/Departamentos de Enfermagem demonstraram alinhamento com as universidades, participando destes comitês e estabelecendo estratégias para respostas à comunidade, com ações e ensino remotos, sem paralisação das atividades;informações divulgadas em diferentes mídias;cursos online, sobre a pandemia e seus cuidados;confecção de equipamentos de proteção individual para os trabalhadores dos hospitais universitários e doações;engajamento dos professores no desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre COVID-19. Conclusão: As instituições demonstraram imensa participação nas ações de combate à COVID-19 nas ações de ensino, pesquisa, extensão e gestão, demonstrando seu compromisso social com a formação de futuros enfermeiros e contribuindo com seu papel social na comunidade e no país. (AU) Objective: To analyze teaching, research, extension, assistance and management actions to face COVID-19 pandemic, within scope of Schools and Nursing Departments of Brazilian Federal Universities. Method: Documentary research carried out in April 2020, with searches on websites and social networks (Facebook, Instagram and Twitter) of Schools and Nursing Departments of Federal Universities of São Paulo, Amazonas, Brasília, Ceará and Santa Catarina;Monitoring Portal of the Ministry of Education and official documents: contingency and action plans, resolutions, decisions and institutional ordinances. Results: Universities have set up management committees to direct actions. Nursing Schools/Departments demonstrated alignment with universities, participating in these committees and establishing strategies for responding to community, with remote actions and teaching, without stopping activities;information disseminated in different media;online courses on pandemic and its care;making personal protective equipment for university hospital workers and donations;teacher engagement in developing research on COVID-19. Conclusion: The institutions have demonstrated immense participation in actions to combat COVID-19 in teaching, research, extension and management actions, demonstrating their social commitment to training of future nurses and contributing to their social role in community and country. (AU) Objetivo: Analizar las acciones de enseñanza, investigación, extensión, asistencia y gestión para enfrentar la pandemia COVID-19, en ámbito de las Escuelas y Departamentos de Enfermería de Universidades Federales de Brasil. Método: Investigación documental realizada en abril de 2020, con búsquedas en sitios web y redes sociales (Facebook, Instagram y Twitter) de las Escuelas y Departamentos de Enfermería de las Universidades Federales de São Paulo, Amazonas, Brasilia, Ceará y Santa Catarina;Portal de seguimiento del Ministerio de Educación y documentos oficiales: planes de contingencia y acción, resoluciones, decisiones y ordenanzas institucionales. Resultados: Las universidades han establecido comités de gestión para dirigir las acciones. Las Escuelas/Departamentos de Enfermería demostraron alineamiento con las universidades, participaron en estos comités y establecieron estrategias para responder a comunidad, con acciones remotas y enseñanza, sin detener las actividades;información difundida en diferentes medios;cursos en línea sobre la pandemia y su atención;fabricación de equipos de protección personal para trabajadores de hospitales universitarios y donaciones;Compromiso del docente en desarrollo de la investigación sobre COVID-19. Conclusión: Las instituciones han demostrado una inmensa participación en acciones para combatir COVID-19 en acciones de enseñanza, investigación, extensión y gestión, demostrando su compromiso social con la formación de futuras enfermeras y contribuyendo a su papel social en comunidad y país. (AU)

A Covid-19 e os desafios para o sistema e os profissionais de saúde

Nas últimas décadas acompanhamos o aparecimento de novos e importantes problemas de saúde, oriundos das mudanças socioeconômicas, tecnológicas, ambientais e demográficas, que causaram alterações no perfil das populações. Nesse contexto, enquanto a transição demográfica nos impõe a necessidade de estruturar o sistema de saúde para o enfrentamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, inerentes ao processo de envelhecimento, o contexto epidemiológico faz com que doenças transmissíveis persistam entre as dez principais causas de morte no mundo. (AU) In the last decades, we have followed the emergence of new and important health problems, arising from socioeconomic, technological, environmental and demographic changes, which have caused changes in the profile of populations. In this context, while the demographic transition imposes on us the need to structure the health system to face chronic non-communicable diseases, inherent to the aging process, the epidemiological context causes communicable diseases to persist among the top ten causes of death in the world. (AU) En las últimas décadas, hemos seguido la aparición de nuevos e importantes problemas de salud, derivados de cambios socioeconómicos, tecnológicos, ambientales y demográficos, que han causado cambios en el perfil de las poblaciones. En este contexto, mientras la transición demográfica nos impone la necesidad de estructurar el sistema de salud para enfrentar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, inherentes al proceso de envejecimiento, el contexto epidemiológico hace que las enfermedades transmisibles persistan entre las diez principales causas de muerte en el mundo. (AU)